Menopause & Osteoporosis

Risk factors for developing osteoporosis are:
- Ethnicity (particularly Caucasian subjects). This is due to lifestyle (diet rich in calcium, protein and low in vitamins, including vitamins D, B12 and K)
- Age high
- The female
- Low body mass index
- Family history of fractures of the femoral neck
- Deficiencies in calcium and protein
- Excessive consumption of tobacco, alcohol, coffee,
- The vitamin D deficiency (lack of sunshine and vegetable consumption)
- Physical inactivity, prolonged immobilization
- Deficit in sex hormones
premature menopause induced or spontaneous, castration (both sexes) chemical or surgical No late puberty,
- Certain hormonal diseases, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease.)
- Hyperandrogenism, Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome
- Metabolic diseases: hemochromatosis gene, isolated hypercalciuria, idiopathic or family
- Inflammatory rheumatism: rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis,
- Other chronic diseases: chronic renal failure, hepatocellular failure, cirrhosis, mastocytosis
- Some treatments, especially corticosteroids prolonged GnRH analogues, aromatase inhibitors.
At the genetic level, mutations in several genes LPR5 and LPR6 (low-density lipoprotein receptor) appear to correlate with a slightly increased risk of osteoporosis
In recent decades, food and exercise have emerged as cornerstones in the prevention and treatment of relevant diseases, eg,